Blood Test Cuts Time to Diagnosis for Common, Deadly Yeast Infection, National Trial Shows
PITTSBURGH, Feb. 8, 2018 – A new blood test seems to perform as well as, if not better than, traditional blood cultures at detecting a type of fungal yeast infection that commonly strikes hospital patients, according to an analysis led by UPMC.
The
T2Candida Panel is the first diagnostic test for candidemia – a type of bloodstream infection caused by Candida yeast – that has been cleared by the
U.S. Food and Drug Administration and doesn’t require culturing a blood sample from the patient to see what grows. The results of the trial, named DIRECT2, are reported today in the journal
Clinical Infectious Diseases. The trial was funded by
T2 Biosystems, the company that makes the panel, which is used by UPMC.
“There are many advantages to quickly diagnosing the specific type of infection a patient has,” said lead author Cornelius J. Clancy, M.D., associate professor of medicine in the
University of Pittsburgh's Division of Infectious Diseases, and director of the mycology program. “With an accurate diagnosis, we can start the patient on the correct medication for the type of infection he or she has, which will hopefully allow us to stop the infection before it spreads, but also keep us from giving the patient a drug that won’t work and potentially contributing to drug resistance. For candidemia, we know that the shorter the time to administering an active antifungal medication to a patient, the higher the survival rate. ”
Candidemia is among the four most common bloodstream infections in U.S. hospitals, and Candida are the third most common cause of infections in intensive care units. The mortality rate among patients with candidemia is 40 percent. Blood cultures fail to detect yeast in approximately 50 percent of Candida infections, and typically take two to three days for positive results to be apparent.
The T2Candida Panel involves putting a small vial of blood from the patient into a
desktop machine that uses magnetic resonance to scan the blood for the five most common Candida species. Positive or negative results are available within five hours.
From 14 U.S. hospitals, including UPMC, Clancy’s team enrolled 152 patients who had been diagnosed with candidemia through a blood culture. On average, it took nearly two days for the culture to identify that the patient had candidemia, and another day-and-a-half to specify which strain of Candida.
In the trial, the T2Candida test was positive in 89 percent of patients at the time of a positive blood culture for Candida. The T2Candida Panel was significantly more likely to be positive than blood cultures in patients with recent candidemia, in particular those patients who were being treated with antifungal drugs.
While the T2Candida Panel performed well in the trial, Clancy says there were limitations, including the fact that the study didn’t assess whether T2Candida shortens time to starting antifungal treatment or improves patient outcomes.
“Our trial demonstrates that the T2Candida Panel is an important advance in the diagnosis of candidemia,” said Clancy. “The next steps should be evaluating it in direct clinical practice and determining if its use truly speeds up antifungal treatment, cuts unnecessary drug prescribing, results in better patient outcomes and is cost-effective, and identifies large numbers of candidemia cases that are currently not detected by blood cultures.”
T2 Biosystems provided assistance with the study design and compiled data from each institution in a central database. The study authors performed data and statistical analyses and prepared the manuscript without assistance from the company.
Additional authors on this study are M. Hong Nguyen, M.D., of Pitt and UPMC; Peter G. Pappas, M.D., of the University of Alabama Birmingham Hospital; Jose Vazquez, M.D., of the Henry Ford Health System; Marc A. Judson, M.D., of the Albany Medical College; Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis, M.D., of M.D. Anderson Cancer Center; George R. Thompson III, M.D., of the University of California Davis Medical Center; Kevin W. Garey, Pharm.D., of the University of Houston; Annette Reboli, M.D., of Cooper University Hospital; Richard N. Greenberg, M.D., of the University of Kentucky Medical Center; Senu Apewokin, M.D., of the University of Arkansas Medical System; G. Marshall Lyon III, M.D., of Emory Healthcare; Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner, M.D., of the University of Texas Health Science Center; Alan H.B. Wu, Ph.D., of the University of California San Francisco Medical Center; Ellis Tobin, M.D., of the St. Peters Healthcare System; and Angela M. Caliendo, M.D., Ph.D., of Brown University.