Skip to Content
800-533-8762
  • Careers
  • Newsroom
  • Health Care Professionals
  • About Us
  • Contact Us
UPMC
  • Find a Doctor
  • Services
    • Frequently Searched Services
    • Frequently Searched Services
      Allergy & Immunology Behavioral & Mental Health Cancer Ear, Nose & Throat Endocrinology Gastroenterology Heart & Vascular Imaging Neurosciences Orthopaedics
      Physical Rehabilitation Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Primary Care Senior Services Sports Medicine Telemedicine Transplant Surgery Walk-In Care Weight Management Women’s Health
      See all Services
    • Services by Region
    • Find a UPMC health care facility close to you quickly by browsing by region.
      UPMC in Western Pa. Western Pa. and New York
      UPMC in Central Pa. Central Pa.
      UPMC in North Central Pa. North Central Pa.
      UPMC in Western Md. Maryland & West Virginia
    • See All Services
  • Locations
    • Locations by Type
    • Locations by Type
      UPMC hospitals
      Hospitals
      Physical Therapy
      Physical Therapy
      Urgent care
      Walk-In Care
      UPMC Outpatient Centers
      Outpatient Centers
      UPMC Imaging Services
      Imaging
      Community Health Centers
      Community Health Centers
      See All Locations
    • Locations by Region
    • Locations by Region
      UPMC in Southwest Pa. Southwest Pa.
      UPMC in North Central Pa. North Central Pa.
      UPMC in Northwest Pa and Ny. Northwest Pa. & Western N.Y.
      UPMC in West Central Pa. West Central Pa.
      UPMC in Central Pa. Central Pa.
      UPMC in Western Md. Maryland & West Virginia
    • See All Locations
  • Patients & Visitors
    • Patient & Visitor Resources
    • Patient & Visitor Resources
      Patients and Visitors Resources Pay a Bill Classes & Events Medical Records Health Library Patient Information
      Patient Portals Privacy Information Shared Decision Making Traveling Patients Visitor Information
      Man uses mobile phone
      Pay a Bill
      Nurse reviews medical chart
      Request Medical Records
  • Patient Portals
  • Find Covid-19 updates
  • Schedule an appointment
  • Request medical records
  • Pay a bill
  • Learn about financial assistance
  • Find classes & events
  • Send a patient an eCard
  • Make a donation
  • Volunteer
  • Read HealthBeat blog
  • Explore UPMC Careers
Skip to Content
UPMC
  • Patient Portals
  • For Patients & Visitors
    • Find a Doctor
    • Locations
    • Patient & Visitor Resources
    • Pay a Bill
    • Services
    • More
      • Medical Records
      • Financial Assistance
      • Classes & Events
      • HealthBeat Blog
      • Health Library
  • About UPMC
    • Why UPMC
    • Facts & Stats
    • Supply Chain Management
    • Community Commitment
    • More
      • Financials
      • Support UPMC
      • UPMC Apps
      • UPMC Enterprises
      • UPMC International
  • For Health Care Professionals
    • Physician Information
    • Resources
    • Education & Training
    • Departments
    • Credentialing
  • Careers
  • Contact Us
  • Newsroom
  • UPMC >
  • Our Services >
  • Heart & Vascular >
  • Conditions We Treat >
  • Pulmonary Embolism
Heart & Vascular
About Us
Conditions We Treat
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Adult Congenital Heart Disease
Adventitial Cystic Disease
Aneurysms
Angina
Aortic Coarctation
Aortic Disease
Aortic Dissection
Aortic Root Aneurysm
Aortic Stenosis
Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease
Aortopathy
Arrhythmia
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Arteriovenous Malformation
Ascending Aortic Arch Aneurysm
Atherosclerosis
Atrial Fibrillation
AV Fistula
Bicuspid Aortic Valve
Brachiocephalic Arterial Insufficiency
Bradycardia
Brugada Syndrome
Buergers Disease
Cardiac Amyloidosis
Cardiac Arrest
Cardiomyopathy
Carotid Artery Disease
Carotid Artery Stenosis
Chronic Coronary Total Occlusion
Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia
Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Connective Tissue Disorder
Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary Vasospasm
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Diabetic Arterial Disease
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Dysphagia Lusoria
Familial Lipid Syndrome
Fibromuscular Dysplasia
Foot Leg Ulcers
Gestational Hypertension
Giant Cell Arteritis
Heart Disease
Heart Failure
Heart Murmurs
Heart Palpitations
Heart Valve Disease
Hypercholesterolemia
Hyperlipidemia
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Infective Endocarditis
Left Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Long QT Syndrome
Lyme Carditis
Lymphedema
Marfan Syndrome
May Thurner Syndrome
Mitral Valve Disease
Mitral Valve Regurgitation
Mitral Valve Stenosis
Myocarditis
Nutcracker Syndrome
Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease
Pericarditis
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
Peripheral Aneurysm
Peripheral Artery Disease
Peripheral Venous Disease
Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome
Postpartum Hypertension
Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
Premature Ventricular Contraction
Pulmonary Embolism
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection
Tachycardia
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Varicose Spider Veins
Vascular Malformations
Vascular Trauma
Vasculitis
Vasospastic Disorder
Venous Thromboembolism
Venous Ulcer
Visceral Artery Aneurysm
Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome
Our Services
For Patients
For Professionals & Students
Our Locations
Contact Us
Heart & Vascular
About Us
Conditions We Treat
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Adult Congenital Heart Disease
Adventitial Cystic Disease
Aneurysms
Angina
Aortic Coarctation
Aortic Disease
Aortic Dissection
Aortic Root Aneurysm
Aortic Stenosis
Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease
Aortopathy
Arrhythmia
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Arteriovenous Malformation
Ascending Aortic Arch Aneurysm
Atherosclerosis
Atrial Fibrillation
AV Fistula
Bicuspid Aortic Valve
Brachiocephalic Arterial Insufficiency
Bradycardia
Brugada Syndrome
Buergers Disease
Cardiac Amyloidosis
Cardiac Arrest
Cardiomyopathy
Carotid Artery Disease
Carotid Artery Stenosis
Chronic Coronary Total Occlusion
Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia
Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Connective Tissue Disorder
Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary Vasospasm
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Diabetic Arterial Disease
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Dysphagia Lusoria
Familial Lipid Syndrome
Fibromuscular Dysplasia
Foot Leg Ulcers
Gestational Hypertension
Giant Cell Arteritis
Heart Disease
Heart Failure
Heart Murmurs
Heart Palpitations
Heart Valve Disease
Hypercholesterolemia
Hyperlipidemia
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Infective Endocarditis
Left Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Long QT Syndrome
Lyme Carditis
Lymphedema
Marfan Syndrome
May Thurner Syndrome
Mitral Valve Disease
Mitral Valve Regurgitation
Mitral Valve Stenosis
Myocarditis
Nutcracker Syndrome
Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease
Pericarditis
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
Peripheral Aneurysm
Peripheral Artery Disease
Peripheral Venous Disease
Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome
Postpartum Hypertension
Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
Premature Ventricular Contraction
Pulmonary Embolism
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection
Tachycardia
Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Varicose Spider Veins
Vascular Malformations
Vascular Trauma
Vasculitis
Vasospastic Disorder
Venous Thromboembolism
Venous Ulcer
Visceral Artery Aneurysm
Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome
Our Services
For Patients
For Professionals & Students
Our Locations
Contact Us

Chat Keywords List

  • cancel or exit: Stops your conversation
  • start over: Restarts your current scenario
  • help: Shows what this bot can do
  • terms: Shows terms of use and privacy statement
  • feedback: Give us feedback
Continue
Chat with UPMC
RESTART
MENU
CLOSE

Pulmonary (Lung) Embolism

A pulmonary embolism occurs when blood clots block one or more of the arteries to your lungs.

Pulmonary embolisms cause death in about 1 in 10 people who have them and are the leading cause of death among people in the hospital. Prompt diagnosis and treatment greatly increases a person's chances of surviving a pulmonary embolism.

Looking For Pulmonary Embolism Care?

Related services:

  • Heart and Vascular

Find a Provider

On this page

  • What Is A Pulmonary Embolism?
  • What Are the Symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism?
  • How Do You Diagnose Pulmonary Embolism?
  • How Do You Treat Pulmonary Embolism?

What Is a Pulmonary Embolism?

A pulmonary embolism occurs when blood clots form — often in the deep veins of the legs — and travel through the blood stream blocking one or more of the arteries in your lungs.

What causes pulmonary embolism?

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) causes the type of blood clot that most frequently lodges in a lung artery. Most often DVT occurs in the legs but can also form in the arms.

What are pulmonary embolism risk factors and complications?

Risk factors for pulmonary embolism and DVT include:

  • Family history of pulmonary embolism.
  • Having a blood clotting disorder.
  • Undergoing a major surgery.
  • Prolonged inactivity, such as bed rest.
  • Pancreatic, lung, breast, colon, and prostate cancers, which result in the body producing chemicals that promote clotting.
  • Obesity.

Other risks include:

  • Prior blood clotting episodes.
  • History of heart attack or stroke.
  • Smoking.
  • Using birth control pills.
  • Taking estrogen replacement therapy.
  • Pregnancy and childbirth.
  • Varicose veins.
  • Advanced age.
  • Fractures of the pelvis, hip, and leg.

Complications of pulmonary embolism

In patients who survive pulmonary embolism, a dangerous condition called pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the lungs' arteries) can develop as a result of the blocked arteries in the lungs.

In pulmonary hypertension, the right side of the heart must pump harder than it usually does to keep enough blood flowing through the body. Over time, the heart can become enlarged to compensate. The enlarged heart eventually pumps blood more slowly and less effectively than a healthy heart and may begin to fail.

Back to top


What Are The Signs And Symptoms Of A Pulmonary Embolism?

Symptoms of pulmonary embolism include:

  • Shortness of breath.
  • Rapid breathing.
  • Chest pain that sometimes radiates through the shoulder, arm, neck, and jaw, and can worsen with breathing.
  • Blue, clammy skin.
  • Coughing or spitting up blood.
  • Lightheadedness.
  • Fast heart rate.

Back to top


How Do You Diagnose A Pulmonary Embolism?

Your doctor may use the following tests to diagnose a pulmonary embolism:

  • Computed tomography (CT) scan — x-rays take cross-sectional images of the body. A computer processes these images to create two- and three-dimensional images.
  • Echocardiography (abdominal ultrasound) — uses sound waves to create images of the structure and movement of heart and blood vessels.
  • V/Q lung scan (also called a ventilation and perfusion scan) — measures the flow and distribution of blood through the lungs. During this test, you breathe in a small amount of gas through a mask. The gas contains radioactive tracer. A special camera that can detect the tracer takes images. Next, your doctor injects a small amount of radioactive tracer and takes another series of images.

Back to top


How Do You Treat A Pulmonary Embolism?

Some people with pulmonary embolisms do well with blood thinners, which is the current standard of care for most patients. Others, however, experience better outcomes with more aggressive treatment and interventions aimed at dissolving the blood clot.

Medication

Anticoagulant medications, also known as blood thinners, work by preventing new blood clots in the lungs from forming and existing clots from growing larger.

You can receive these drugs as an injection, either under the skin or intravenously, or as a pill.

Anticoagulant medications may include:

  • Heparin.
  • Low molecular weight heparin.
  • Direct thrombin inhibitors.
  • Coumadin®.

Thrombolysis

Your doctor at the UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute may recommend a more aggressive treatment that can be administered systemically though an intravenous line or via a catheter into the clot.

After inserting a catheter (a thin, flexible tube) into a blood vessel through a tiny nick in your groin or neck, your doctor will use x-ray guidance to advance the catheter to the site of the pulmonary embolism in the lung arteries and inject clot-dissolving medication directly to the pulmonary embolism.

Your doctor may also use a clot-dissolving medication to treat your pulmonary embolism.

Thrombectomy

Your surgeon will thread a catheter through your blood vessels to the site of the embolism and extract the blood clot.

Some people may need an additional procedure — called pulmonary embolectomy — to clear the clot.

Vena cava filter

To prevent further pulmonary embolisms from developing, your doctor may place a temporary vena cava filter — a small, metal device — in the vena cava, the body's largest vein.

Vena cava filters allow blood to flow through them, but prevent clots from passing into lung arteries.

Your surgeon may place them during other minimally invasive procedures, such as thrombolysis, and remove them later when the risk of pulmonary embolism decreases.


By UPMC Editorial Staff. Last reviewed on 2024-10-01.

UPMC
200 Lothrop Street Pittsburgh, PA 15213

412-647-8762 800-533-8762

Patients And Visitors
  • Find a Doctor
  • Locations
  • Pay a Bill
  • Patient & Visitor Resources
  • Disabilities Resource Center
  • Services
  • Medical Records
  • No Surprises Act
  • Price Transparency
  • Financial Assistance
  • Classes & Events
  • Health Library
Health Care Professionals
  • Physician Information
  • Resources
  • Education & Training
  • Departments
  • Credentialing
Newsroom
  • Newsroom Home
  • Inside Life Changing Medicine Blog
  • News Releases
About
  • Why UPMC
  • Facts & Stats
  • Supply Chain Management
  • Community Commitment
  • Financials
  • Supporting UPMC
  • HealthBeat Blog
  • UPMC Apps
  • UPMC Enterprises
  • UPMC Health Plan
  • UPMC International
  • Nondiscrimination Policy
Life changing is...
Follow UPMC
  • Contact Us
  • Website/Email Terms of Use
  • Medical Advice Disclaimer
  • Privacy Information
  • Active Privacy Alerts
  • Sitemap
© 2025 UPMC I Affiliated with the University of Pittsburgh Schools of the Health Sciences Supplemental content provided by Healthwise, Incorporated. To learn more, visit healthwise.org
Find Care
Providers
Video Visit
Portal Login