Computed Tomography (CT) Image-Guided Spine Surgery

CT image-guided spine surgery integrates advanced CT imaging technology with minimally invasive surgical techniques, offering real-time, three-dimensional visualization. This innovative approach acts as a GPS for surgeons, enabling precise navigation of surgical instruments and accurate placement of screws and hardware in the spine.

By using real-time imaging, surgeons can optimize the accuracy of procedures, reducing complications and improving patient outcomes. This technique is particularly valuable for complex spinal surgeries, such as spinal fusion and scoliosis correction.

UPMC spine surgeons have access to state-of-the-art CT image-guided surgical technology, ensuring safer procedures, enhanced precision, and improved recovery for patients.

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What Is CT-Guided Spine Surgery?

Computed tomography (CT) image-guided spine surgery combines CT scanning technology with real-time computer modeling, providing surgeons with continuous, high-resolution images of the surgical area.

Traditional hardware placement techniques in spine surgery can have an error rate of up to 30%, potentially leading to complications, such as discomfort, spinal instability, or the need for corrective surgery. However, with UPMC’s CT image-guided approach, surgeons can place hardware with over 99% accuracy before completing the procedure.

Conditions we treat with CT image-guided spine surgery

CT image-guided surgery is commonly used for:

• Spinal fusion.
• Spinal reconstruction.
• Spinal tumor resection surgery.

Why Would I Need CT Image-Guided Spine Surgery?

CT image-guided spine surgery is particularly beneficial for patients undergoing complex spinal procedures requiring precise placement of screws or other hardware.

Who is a candidate for CT image-guided spine surgery?

You may be a candidate for CT image-guided spine surgery if:

• You need a complex spinal procedure that involves hardware placement.
• Your surgeon needs enhanced visualization for navigation, even if no hardware is required.

Alternatives to CT image-guided spine surgery

Depending on your condition, alternatives may include:

• Microsurgery.
• Minimally invasive spine surgery.
• Robotic-assisted spine surgery.
• Traditional open spine surgery.

What Are the Risks and Complications of CT Image-Guided Spine Surgery?

As with any surgical procedure, CT image-guided spine surgery carries some risks, including:

• Bleeding or infection at the incision site.
• Blood clots.
• Complications related to anesthesia.
• Nerve damage.
• Post-surgical disc or joint problems.
• Spinal instability.

What Should I Expect from CT Image-Guided Spine Surgery?

Before: How to prepare for CT image-guided spine surgery

Before your procedure, you will meet with your surgical team for a physical exam. They will ask you about any current medications you're taking, as some may need to be discontinued before surgery. Please provide information about any allergies, medical history, or potential anesthesia risks you might have.

Your doctor may order certain preoperative tests, including:

• Blood and/or urine tests.
• Electrocardiogram (EKG) to assess heart function.
• MRI or x-ray to evaluate spinal structures.

Your team will also give you instructions on fasting before surgery.

On the day of your procedure:

• Bring a photo ID and health insurance card.
• Pack essential personal items, such as toiletries, a robe, slippers, a cell phone and charger, and a change of clothes.
• Leave valuables like jewelry and cash at home.

During your CT image-guided spine surgery

Upon arrival, you will meet with your care team and receive general anesthesia to ensure comfort during the procedure.

Your surgeon will:

• Load your CT images into the navigation system.
• Make an incision and insert surgical instruments with real-time imaging guidance.
• Perform the procedure with precise hardware placement.
• Close the incision and monitor your condition post-surgery.

How long does CT image-guided spine take?

The duration of the surgery depends on its complexity but typically lasts several hours.

Recovery after CT image-guided spine surgery

After surgery:

• You will be monitored in the recovery area before being transferred to a hospital room.
• Your stay may last one or more nights, depending on your condition.
• You may need to wear a neck or back brace.
• You will receive guidance on incision care, medications, and physical therapy.
• Driving will be restricted for several weeks post-surgery.

When to contact your doctor

Notify your doctor if you experience:

• Breathing difficulties.
• Difficulty walking or balancing.
• Fever above 100.0°F.
• Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the limbs.
• Severe pain that is unrelieved by medication.
• Signs of infection at the incision site (redness, swelling, drainage).

Recovery timeline

Recovery varies by individual and procedure complexity. Full recovery can take several weeks to months. Less invasive procedures typically have shorter recovery times.

What is the prognosis after CT image-guided spine surgery?

Most patients experience significant improvements and can return to their previous lifestyles. The prognosis depends on individual factors such as overall health, the type of procedure, and adherence to post-operative care.

Success rate of CT image-guided spine surgery

Success rates vary based on the condition being treated, the type of surgery, and the surgical approach. Your surgeon will discuss expected outcomes with you.

Why Choose UPMC for CT Image-Guided Spine Surgery?

UPMC offers access to cutting-edge surgical navigation technology, ensuring safer, more precise, and effective spine procedures that enhance patient outcomes and quality of life.

By UPMC Editorial Staff. Last reviewed on 2025-05-16.