Spinal tumor resection surgery is a procedure to remove cancerous or noncancerous spinal tumors, including meningiomas, neurofibromas, and schwannomas.
At UPMC, our spine surgeons take a comprehensive approach to treating spinal tumors, utilizing a full range of surgical options, including minimally invasive techniques. Our goal is to remove spinal tumors while preserving or improving mobility, neurological function, and pain relief.
What Is Spinal Tumor Resection Surgery?
Spinal tumor resection surgery is performed to remove a malignant (cancerous) or benign (noncancerous) spinal tumor and stabilize the spine. The procedure varies based on the tumor's type, size, and location but involves making an incision in the back, accessing the spinal canal, removing the tumor, and stabilizing the spine.
Types of spinal tumor resection surgery
Surgeons use various techniques depending on tumor characteristics, including:
- Endoscopic spinal tumor resection – A minimally invasive procedure using an endoscope (a thin tube with a light and microscope) to enhance visualization.
- Minimally invasive spinal tumor resection surgery – Uses smaller incisions to reduce tissue trauma and promote faster recovery.
- Robotic spinal tumor resection surgery – Performed with robotic assistance for precision and minimal disruption to surrounding structures.
- Stereotactic spine radiosurgery – A noninvasive outpatient procedure that delivers high-dose radiation to tumors, effectively controlling tumor growth and providing pain relief. UPMC is a world leader in this treatment.
- Traditional open surgery – Uses conventional surgical approaches to remove spinal tumors when necessary.
Conditions we treat with spinal tumor resection surgery
Why Would I Need Spinal Tumor Resection Surgery?
Surgical removal of a spinal tumor may be necessary if the tumor is malignant or causing significant symptoms.
Common symptoms of spinal tumor include:
- Back pain, especially in the middle or lower back, which may radiate to the hips, legs, feet, or arms.
- Decreased sensitivity to pain, heat, or cold.
- Difficulty walking, sometimes leading to falls.
- Loss of bowel or bladder function.
- Muscle weakness or paralysis, depending on nerve involvement.
- Spinal deformities such as scoliosis.
Who is a candidate for spinal tumor resection surgery?
Your doctor will determine if surgery is appropriate based on the tumor’s size, location, and type.
Alternatives to surgery
Other treatment options may be considered before or in addition to surgery:
- Chemotherapy – Uses medications to kill cancer cells.
- Conventional radiation therapy – Targets and destroys cancer cells with high-dose radiation.
- Pain management – Includes nerve blocks and intrathecal drug pump implants.
- Stereotactic radiosurgery – Uses precise radiation beams to destroy tumor tissue.
What Are the Risks and Complications of Spinal Tumor Resection Surgery?
As with any surgery, spinal tumor resection carries risks, including:
- Anesthesia-related complications.
- Bleeding or infection at the incision site.
- Blood clots.
- Nerve damage.
- Post-surgical disc or joint issues.
- Spinal instability.
Depending on the tumor’s location and size, surgery may cause neurological or physical side effects requiring rehabilitation or further treatment.
What Should I Expect from Spinal Tumor Resection Surgery?
Before: How to prepare for spinal tumor resection surgery
Preparation involves meeting with your surgical team for a physical exam and possible tests, such as:
Patients should also:
- Arrange for post-surgery transportation and assistance.
- Disclose all medications, allergies, and medical conditions.
- Fast for a designated period before surgery.
During your spinal tumor resection surgery
- You will receive general anesthesia.
- The surgeon will make an incision to access the spine.
- Tumor removal is performed using surgical instruments, an endoscope, or robotic guidance.
- The incision is closed, and stability is ensured before completing the procedure.
Recovery after spinal tumor resection surgery
Postoperative care includes:
- Hospitalization for monitoring (one or more nights required).
- Physical therapy and rehabilitation as needed.
- Proper wound care to prevent infection.
- Restrictions on movement and activity.
Recovery timeline
- Short-term recovery – Initial healing takes weeks, with pain management and limited mobility.
- Full recovery – May take several months, depending on the extent of surgery.
- Minimally invasive techniques – Lead to shorter recovery times compared to open surgery.
When to call your doctor about post-op problems
Seek medical attention if you experience:
- Difficulty breathing or walking
- Fever over 100°F
- Increased pain, redness, bleeding, or swelling at the incision site
- Severe unmanageable pain
- Worsening numbness, tingling, or weakness
What is the prognosis and success rate after spinal tumor resection surgery?
Most people can resume active lives post-surgery, though strenuous activities may be limited. If the tumor was cancerous, additional treatment may be necessary. Success rates depend on the tumor type, surgery complexity, and the surgeon’s expertise.
Your doctor will discuss your specific prognosis.
Why Choose UPMC for Spinal Tumor Resection Surgery?
At UPMC, our expert spine surgeons collaborate across multiple specialties to provide state-of-the-art treatment for spinal and spinal cord tumors. With access to the latest technology and innovative surgical techniques, we offer world-class care that ranks among the best in the nation.
By UPMC Editorial Staff. Last reviewed on 2025-05-16.
