UPMC Vasculitis Center

Overview
Diagnosis
Treatment

What Is Vasculitis?

Vasculitis is a disease characterized by swelling of blood vessels that causes them to thicken, narrow, weaken, or scar.

Vasculitis can:

Occur suddenly, or evolve over weeks or months
Affect a single area of the body, or involve multiple locations
Range from mild to life-threatening

Primary vasculitis occurs without any known cause and can result in a variety of other diseases, such as:

Wegener’s granulomatosis
Microscopic polyangiitis
Churg-Strauss syndrome
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Polyarteritis nodosa
Kawasaki disease
Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (CNS vasculitis)
Temporal arteritis/giant cell arteritis
Takayasu’s arteritis

Secondary vasculitis occurs from medication, or as a result of another disease, such as:

An autoimmune disorder
Viral, bacterial, or fungal infection
Cancer, such as lymphoma or leukemia

Why Choose the UPMC Vasculitis Center?

Our holistic approach at the UPMC Vasculitis Center provides patients with the proper diagnosis and treatment options that are tailored to each patient's specific needs.

It's important to be proactive in treating and managing vasculitis, since early treatment may lead to a more positive outcome.

Vasculitis Symptoms and Diagnosis

The UPMC Vasculitis Center offers a holistic approach to diagnosing vasculitis. Our physicians check for various symptoms related to vasculitis and perform several tests to ensure a correct diagnosis.

Vasculitis signs and symptoms

The signs and symptoms of vasculitis depend on which blood vessels are involved.

With any type of vasculitis, people generally don't feel well, and may experience:

Fever
Chills
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Weight loss

Specific organ systems of the body affected by vasculitis may cause the following signs or symptoms:

Brain

Symptoms:

Stroke
Headache
Vision changes
Memory loss

Eye

Symptoms:

Inflammation
Vision loss

Ear, nose, throat, and sinuses

Symptoms:

Inflammation and infection
Hearing loss
Ear pain
Nose or mouth sores
Nose bleeding
Change in voice
Hoarseness
Nasal congestion

Lungs

Symptoms:

Shortness of breath
Cough
Chest pain
Coughing up blood
Abnormal chest x-ray or CT scan

Heart

Symptoms:

Heart attack
Angina

Stomach and colon

Symptoms:

Bleeding from stomach or bowels
Abdominal pain or cramping
perforation (hole) in intestines

Kidneys

Symptoms:

Blood in urine
Protein in urine
Kidney failure

Nerves

Symptoms:

Numbness
Tingling
Shooting pain
Weakness in arms or legs

Blood

Symptoms:

Low red blood cell count (anemia)
Elevated white blood cell count
Elevated platelet count

Testing for vasculitis

It's important to remember that each of the signs and symptoms above are not exclusive to vasculitis and can be seen in many other conditions.

In addition to a physical exam, doctors may order the following tests to help make the diagnosis of vasculitis:

Blood tests
Urinalysis
Imaging studies — such as x-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, ultrasound, and angiography
A biopsy may be necessary in some cases

Vasculitis Treatments

The doctors at the UPMC Vasculitis Center use specific medications to treat vasculitis.

Individualized treatment depends on:

The particular type of vasculitis
Which organs or tissues are affected
Any underlying health conditions

Medicines for treating vasculitis

Steroids

Steroids are used to suppress the abnormal immune response that has led to blood vessel damage. In keeping with our holistic approach to treatment, we often give people additional medicines — such as calcium and vitamin D supplements — to avoid the increased possibility of osteoporosis that can result from taking steroids.

Antibiotics

Patients may require antibiotic therapy if their immune system becomes suppressed during the treatment process.

Did You Know?

The University of Pittsburgh/UPMC is one of only nine academic institutions in the nation given the distinction of being named a "Vasculitis Center" by the Vasculitis Clinical Research Consortium (VCRC), a member of the Rare Diseases Clinical Research Network that is funded by the National Institutes of Health.

The VCRC is an organization of premier academic medical centers, whose members include:

Boston University Medical Center
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Johns Hopkins University
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine
University of Pittsburgh
University of Pennsylvania
University of California in San Francisco
University of Utah
Mount Sinai Hospital in Toronto
St. Joseph’s Hospital in Ontario

The VCRC is also an interface between patient support organizations and clinical and translational research that is dedicated to studying different forms of vasculitis with the hope of improving the care of patients with vasculitis.