Pleural effusion is a collection of fluid in the space between your lung and chest wall, known as the pleural space. When pleural effusion is related to cancer, it is known as malignant pleural effusion (MPE). The leading causes of MPEs are lung and breast cancer.
UPMC experts specialize in managing MPE related to breast cancer. We work collaboratively with thoracic surgeons, pulmonologists, and critical care medicine experts to provide effective MPE care that reduces the risk of recurrence.
Related services include:
Pleural effusion is a collection of fluid in the space between your lung and chest wall, known as the pleural space. When pleural effusion is related to cancer, it is known as malignant pleural effusion (MPE). The leading causes of MPEs are lung and breast cancer.
MPE is a common complication of breast cancer, affecting 2% to 11% of people diagnosed with breast cancer. It is more common in people with advanced breast cancer.
Pleural effusion related to breast cancer occurs when cancer cells spread to the pleural space between your lung and chest wall. The cancer cells cause your body to increase lymph fluid production and reduce fluid reabsorption in the pleural space, leading to fluid buildup.
A breast cancer diagnosis is the main risk factor for developing MPE.
You may be at increased risk if you have:
Pleural effusion related to breast cancer can cause complications including:
If you are diagnosed with breast cancer, getting effective treatment as soon as possible can reduce your risk of developing pleural effusion.
Symptoms of pleural effusion may include:
If you are having symptoms of pleural effusion related to breast cancer, you should contact your oncologist right away. If symptoms are severe, call 911 or go to the nearest hospital emergency department.
To diagnose pleural effusion related to breast cancer, your doctor will ask about your symptoms, perform a physical exam, and order imaging tests.
If your doctor suspects pleural effusion related to breast cancer, they will:
Your doctor may order diagnostic imaging studies, including:
Because MPE is typically related to advanced breast cancer, it is associated with a poor prognosis. Some people with advanced breast cancer experience recurrent MPE. Your doctor will discuss your expected prognosis with you.
MPE is typically treated by draining fluid from the pleural space. Starting or continuing cancer treatment — including chemotherapy or radiation therapy — can reduce the risk of MPE recurrence.
MPE treatment options include:
Thoracentesis is a procedure to drain fluid from the pleural space using a syringe. Although it is safe, it can cause complications, including infection, bleeding, or a collapsed lung.
A pleural catheter is a thin, flexible tube that is temporarily inserted through the chest wall into the pleural space to drain pleural fluid. The catheter is attached to a vacuum-like device outside your body, which helps drain fluid. When the vacuum-like device is not attached, the catheter remains in your body and can be covered with a bandage.
Pleurodesis is a surgical procedure that involves using special chemicals to create scarring that eliminates your pleural space, preventing fluid buildup. Pleurodesis is effective in preventing recurrent MPE in approximately 70% of patients.
When you choose UPMC for pleural effusion and breast cancer care, you will receive:
By UPMC Editorial Staff. Last reviewed on 2025-09-18.
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