Vertebroplasty

Vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat compression fractures in the spine. These fractures, which occur in the vertebrae (spine bones), can cause significant pain and instability.

The procedure involves injecting medical-grade bone cement into your fractured vertebra to stabilize it and reduce pain. Vertebroplasty is similar to kyphoplasty, which uses an inflatable balloon to create space before injecting the cement. Both procedures help restore spine stability and improve mobility.

UPMC surgeons utilize the latest evidence-based techniques to perform vertebroplasty. The procedure is performed using fluoroscopy (real-time x-ray imaging), allowing your surgical team to precisely guide the cement injection and minimize the risk of complications.

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What Is Vertebroplasty?

Vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive procedure that involves injecting bone cement into a fractured vertebra to relieve pain and stabilize your spine. It is commonly used to treat compression fractures caused by osteoporosis, spinal tumors, or injuries. The procedure is performed using fluoroscopic imaging to enhance accuracy.

Is vertebroplasty considered major surgery?

No. Vertebroplasty is a minimally invasive procedure. It requires only a small incision or puncture in your skin, so it is not classified as major surgery. However, it is essential to follow your doctor's instructions for post-procedure care and recovery.

Conditions we treat with vertebroplasty

Vertebroplasty is commonly used to treat compression fractures caused by:

• Multiple myeloma (a type of blood cancer).
• Osteoporosis (bone weakening).
• Spinal injuries.
• Spinal tumors.

Why Would I Need Vertebroplasty?

Doctors may recommend vertebroplasty if you have a compression fracture and:

• Experience severe pain that has not improved with rest, physical therapy, or medication.
• Have a spinal tumor or cancer that weakens your vertebrae.
• Have difficulty performing daily activities due to pain and instability.
• Have osteoporosis-related fractures that heal slowly.

Who is a candidate for vertebroplasty?

Candidates for vertebroplasty typically have severe, persistent back pain due to a spinal compression fracture that has not responded to nonsurgical treatments.

Alternatives to vertebroplasty

• Kyphoplasty — Similar to vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty involves using a balloon to create space before injecting bone cement.
• Nonsurgical treatments — Rest, bracing, ice/heat therapy, physical therapy, and pain management.

What Are the Risks and Complications of Vertebroplasty?

As with any procedure, vertebroplasty carries some risks, including:

• Allergic reactions to contrast dye or anesthesia.
• Blood clots.
• Infection or bleeding at the injection site.
• Nerve damage.

What is the most common complication after vertebroplasty?

Cement leakage is the most common complication. Although small leaks are usually harmless, cement that spreads to critical areas, such as the spinal canal, may require further treatment.

What Should I Expect From Vertebroplasty?

Before: How to prepare for vertebroplasty

Prior to surgery, your doctor will evaluate your health and may order tests, such as:

• Blood and urine tests — Checks for infections and ensure you are healthy enough for the procedure.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) — Assesses heart function.
• MRI or x-ray — Examines spinal structures and confirms the fracture location.

Your doctor will explain the procedure to you and answer your questions.

To prepare for the procedure, you should:

• Fast for the period recommended by your doctor (usually overnight).
• Inform your doctor of any allergies or medications you are taking.
• Tell your doctor about any history of bleeding disorders or conditions that may affect surgery.

During your vertebroplasty

You will receive either general anesthesia (to put you to sleep) or local anesthesia (to numb the area) while you remain awake. 

Your surgeon will:

1. Use fluoroscopy to locate your fracture.
2. Make a small incision and insert a hollow needle into your vertebra.
3. Inject bone cement to stabilize the fracture. The cement hardens within minutes, securing your vertebra.

Recovery after vertebroplasty

Most patients go home the same day. Walking is usually encouraged within an hour of the procedure.

What is the recovery time for vertebroplasty?

Avoid strenuous activities for a few weeks. Ice packs can help with minor soreness at the incision site.

When to call your doctor about post-op problems

Call your doctor if you experience:

• Fever above 100.0°F.
• Increased pain, redness, or swelling at the treatment site.
• Numbness, tingling, or weakness.
• Severe back pain that does not improve.

What is the prognosis after vertebroplasty?

Many patients experience significant pain relief almost immediately after the procedure, with continued improvement during the following days.

What is the success rate of vertebroplasty?

Studies show that vertebroplasty provides pain relief and improved mobility in more than 85% of people. Benefits include:

• Decreased reliance on pain medication.
• Increased mobility and quality of life.
• Reduced or eliminated back pain.

Why Choose UPMC for Vertebroplasty?

At UPMC, our spine care experts use the most advanced techniques to perform safe and effective vertebroplasty procedures. We also provide comprehensive osteoporosis management to prevent future fractures and promote long-term spine health.

By UPMC Editorial Staff. Last reviewed on 2025-06-26.